
The UK's internet infrastructure has faced numerous disruptions in recent years, affecting millions of people and businesses.
These outages can be attributed to a range of causes, including fibre optic cable damage, which can lead to widespread internet disruptions.
In 2020, a major fibre optic cable fault in the North Sea resulted in internet outages across the UK, affecting over 1 million homes and businesses.
The effects of internet disruption can be far-reaching, causing significant economic losses and impacting daily life.
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Causes and Effects
Massive internet outages can occur due to a bug in code that stays dormant until triggered by a specific action, like updating account settings. This happened to Fastly, a major content delivery network, causing 85% of their network to go down.
Even the smallest mistake in configuring servers or updating network commands can have a ripple effect and affect most, if not all, servers at once. It's a critical job that requires great care.
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High levels of internet traffic can also cause congestion, slowing down or even stopping the internet. This often happens during popular events when many people are online at the same time.
Broadband speeds can fluctuate due to various factors, including network quality, usage, and cable condition. This can lead to slower internet speeds, causing websites and streaming services to load improperly.
The flow of data through cables can only remain consistent for a short period, resulting in temporary internet speed issues.
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Troubleshoot Network Connection
Check your router connections and power source, as a simple reboot can often resolve the issue. Try switching your router on and off again to see if that kicks things back into gear.
Your device might be connecting to the wrong Wi-Fi network, so double-check that it's on the correct one. Make sure your device is connecting to the correct Wi-Fi network.
A dropped connection can often be fixed by checking your device's Wi-Fi icon to see if the signal strength has dropped. If it has, try moving closer to your router to see if that solves the problem.
If you have access to a mobile data option, try connecting via this to test if it's your device or your internet that's playing up. This can help you determine if the issue is with your device or your internet connection.
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Understanding the Outage
An internet outage can be caused by a variety of things, including a minor issue with your internet provider's internal system or a problem between the broadband exchange connecting to the cabinet on your street.
In the UK, business broadband can be affected and run slower if there are lots of people using the internet at the same time in the area. Your device's individual upload and download speeds can also impact how fast your internet runs. Download speed is the amount of time it takes for data to be transferred from the internet to your computer, while upload speeds refer to the time it takes for data to be transferred from your computer to the internet.
Some areas in the UK are more prone to internet outages than others. According to the data, the top 5 cities that suffered the most outages during 2021-2022 were: RankCityAverage downtime 2021-221Nottingham70.2 hours2Southampton45.8 hours3Manchester38.8 hours4Bristol38.7 hours5Cardiff27.3 hours
If you're experiencing an internet outage, it's essential to report the issue to your provider. If the service hasn't been fixed after two working days, you are entitled to compensation for each day the fault isn't fixed.
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Understanding the Outage
An internet outage can be a frustrating experience, but understanding what causes it can help you troubleshoot and resolve the issue more efficiently.
A full-exchange outage affects multiple properties, usually due to a problem at the exchange itself, which is up to the provider to fix.
If your broadband has stopped working, it may only be your property that's affected, or it could be a wider internet issue in the area. If several homes in your area are affected, there's likely to be a problem at your internet provider's end.
Broadband issues can occur when too many people try to use the internet at the same time, causing network congestion and slower internet speeds. This can happen during big sporting events or other times of high internet usage.
A broadband outage can be caused by a number of things, including a minor issue with your internet provider's internal system or a problem between the broadband exchange and the cabinet on your street.
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Here are some common reasons for broadband outages:
- A fault with a cable or something else at your property
- A system failure at your internet provider's end
- Weather-related problems
- Network congestion due to high internet usage
A full-exchange outage can jeopardise the whole area, while a problem at your property may only affect your premises.
Outage Duration
Internet outages can last anywhere from a few minutes to several days, depending on the cause of the issue. In extreme cases, they can even last for hours.
The length of your internet outage depends on what kind of issue is causing it. If there's just too many people using the internet in the same area at the same time, this will be solved when the network processes the data and gets back on track.
Some parts of the UK are more prone to internet outages than others. According to recent statistics, Nottingham had the highest average downtime in 2021-2022, with an average of 70.2 hours.
Here are the top 8 cities in the UK with the highest average downtime in 2021-2022:
UK Outage Time by Area
The UK has its fair share of internet outages, with some areas experiencing more downtime than others. Nottingham tops the list with an average downtime of 70.2 hours in 2021-2022.
Southampton comes in second with 45.8 hours of average downtime, followed closely by Manchester and Bristol with 38.8 and 38.7 hours respectively. Cardiff and Edinburgh also make the list, with 27.3 and 22.4 hours of average downtime.
If you're wondering why your internet is down, it could be due to a fault at your property or a wider issue with your internet provider. In fact, if several homes in your area are affected, it's likely a problem at your provider's end.
Here's a list of the top 8 cities with the highest internet outage time in the UK:
You can check if the internet is down in your area by visiting your provider's website or social media, or using a service like Downdetector to see if others in your area are experiencing the same issue.
When It Goes Down

When the internet goes down, it can be frustrating, especially if you're in the middle of something important. A broadband outage can be caused by a minor issue with your internet provider's internal system or a problem between the broadband exchange and the cabinet on your street.
If you're in the UK, you might experience slower business broadband if many people in your area are using the internet at the same time. Your device's individual upload and download speeds can also affect how fast your internet runs.
You can check if the internet is down in your area by visiting your provider's website for an outage map. Most providers have a dedicated area for service issues, like Community Fibre in London or Sky Broadband.
If you find yourself without an internet connection, try to diagnose the issue before calling your provider. Turn your router off and on again, check everything's connected properly, and make sure there's nothing big or heavy between the router and your devices.
If the issue persists, you might consider getting an internet dongle or using your mobile phone data if you have a large allowance. Alternatively, you can ask a neighbour if you can hop on to their Wi-Fi, assuming it's working.
Here are some common reasons for broadband outages:
- Minor issue with your internet provider's internal system
- Problem between the broadband exchange and the cabinet on your street
- Too many people using the internet in the same area at the same time
- Fault with your hardware, such as your router
And if you're waiting for your provider to fix the issue, you can check for updates on their social media or website. Some providers, like YouFibre and Astound Broadband, post updates very regularly.
Prevention and Preparation
To prevent internet disruptions in the UK, webmasters can take proactive steps. By hosting mirrors of their websites in multiple locations, they can ensure that their content remains accessible even if one location experiences issues.
If one location fails, another can pick up the slack and keep the website running. This approach is especially effective if the highest number of users are located in a specific region.
Assigning content hosting to multiple service providers is another viable option. This way, if one provider experiences a problem, another can step in and prevent an outage.
Not many companies are willing to invest in these options, but they can be a game-changer for businesses that rely heavily on their online presence.
Real-Time Information
The LINX LON1 network has been stable since around 1540 GMT yesterday, but provisioning of new services and changes on this network remains suspended.
LINX will continue to monitor the network and schedule a maintenance window to permanently resolve the issue.
As of the last LON1 disruption, the network has remained stable, but new commits on any device can affect the L2 forwarding of the device.
The LINX network LON1 is experiencing ongoing issues, manifesting in large chunks of the Internet not working or being slow to respond.
Please check out https://downdetector.co.uk/ for a view of the scale of the problem.
LINX is currently investigating the issue, and the connectivity to services within the LON1 network is expected to remain stable.
The vendor TAC is still in the process of investigating the issue, and they have identified a trigger that causes the problem.
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Impact and Assistance
The internet disruption in the UK had a significant impact on customers of EE and BT, with many unable to access phone lines or arrange urgent refunds. One customer was unable to get through to EE's help line on behalf of their elderly parents.
The UK communications regulator Ofcom was in contact with BT to establish the cause of the problem. Mobile networks and landlines are vital for reaching essential and emergency services.
If you're a BT customer and your landline stops working, you'll be entitled to compensation if it's not fixed within two days. Make sure to report the issue to your provider as soon as it happens, as advised by Ernest Doku, Uswitch mobiles expert.
Some mobile phone operators which "piggyback" on EE's network, like 1pMobile, were also affected by the issue. They apologized for the inconvenience and stated that EE network engineers were working on the problem.
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Customer Impact
EE and BT customer service phone lines were down for much of Thursday afternoon, leaving many customers unable to access help.

One customer posted on an EE forum saying they couldn't arrange an urgent refund, while another was trying to get through for their elderly parents.
The UK communications regulator Ofcom is in contact with BT to establish the cause of the problem.
Mobile networks and landlines are vital for reaching essential services, so it's crucial for customers to be reconnected as soon as possible.
If your landline stops working, you're entitled to compensation if it's not fixed within two days, but make sure to report the issue to your provider right away.
The outage may have affected some customers of mobile phone operators that "piggyback" on EE's network, with 1pMobile apologizing for any inconvenience.
BT Group has over 30 million customers in the UK and made £20.4bn revenue in the last financial year.
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Final Thoughts
We've grown accustomed to having the latest content at our fingertips, but that's also made us less patient over time.

The early internet days were a different story, and a recent outage brought this to light. Within just an hour, a content delivery network that few people outside the industry knew about highlighted the global internet infrastructure's centralization, dependence, and susceptibility.
We've become vulnerable to incidents like this, and it's not just us as internet users, but also our favourite websites.
Claiming Money Back for Broadband Outages
If your broadband stops working, you should report the issue to your provider.
You're entitled to compensation for each day the fault isn't fixed if the service hasn't been fixed after two working days.
The compensation should be paid automatically to you, so no need to chase it up.
You can report the issue to your provider and they'll sort out the problem.
If you're not satisfied with the service, you can get in touch to find out more about business insurance and business finance.
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When an Outage Affects You
If your internet connection is affected by an outage, there are a few things you can do to troubleshoot the issue.
Try turning your router off and on again. This simple step can often resolve connectivity problems.
If the issue persists, check that everything is connected properly and that nothing has been dislodged, such as by recent building works.
Check the microfilter, a small white box that plugs into your main phone socket and allows your phone and broadband to work at the same time. You can buy a replacement for a few pounds if it's not working.
If the problem is only affecting your home, check that there's nothing big or heavy between the router and your devices. Routers should be placed centrally in your home and not near big metallic objects, such as microwaves.
You can also consider using your mobile phone data if you need to keep working, studying, or streaming. However, this is not a long-term solution as costs can rack up.
If the issue continues for a week or more, you might consider getting an internet dongle.
If you're on good terms with your neighbors, you can ask to use their Wi-Fi if it's working.
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