Form Example Html Bootstrap Forms and Layout

Bootstrap forms are a crucial part of any web application, and using the right HTML structure is essential for a smooth user experience.

Bootstrap provides a simple way to create forms with its built-in classes and layout options.

To create a basic form, you can use the `.form-group` class to group form elements together, as shown in the example.

A horizontal form can be created by adding the `.form-horizontal` class to the form element, which will automatically add left and right padding to the form elements.

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You can easily change the height of your text inputs and select boxes to match the button sizes. Use the form control height sizing classes such as .form-control-lg and .form-control-sm on the text inputs to create larger or smaller sizes.

To create a horizontal form layout, add the class .row on form groups and use the .col-*-* grid classes to specify the width of your labels and controls.

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You can also make your forms responsive through using the grid classes with specific breakpoints. The following example will create a form which laid out inline on medium devices and up, but will become vertically stacked on smaller viewports.

Forms will by default stack vertically, but you can use additional classes to vary this layout on a per-form basis.

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Form input types are used to collect user input in HTML forms.

Text input is a basic form input type, used for collecting text data, as seen in the example where the input field has a type attribute set to "text".

Email input is a specific type of text input, used for collecting email addresses, as demonstrated in the example where the input field has a type attribute set to "email".

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Readonly inputs are a great way to prevent users from modifying a value, and they can be created by adding the readonly boolean attribute on an input or textarea.

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You can style readonly plain text inputs as plain text by using the .form-control-plaintext class to remove the default form field styling and preserve the correct margin and padding.

Readonly inputs appear in a lighter background, similar to disabled inputs, but they retain the standard text cursor. This makes them a good option when you want to display a value that shouldn't be changed.

To style form text below readonly inputs, you can use the .form-text class, which adds a top margin for easy spacing from the inputs above.

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Range inputs are a type of form input that allows users to select a value from a range of options.

To set horizontally scrollable range inputs, you can use the .form-control-range class.

Range inputs are a versatile option for forms, and they're especially useful when you need to allow users to select a value within a specific range.

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Checkboxes are great for selecting one or several options in a list, and radios are perfect for choosing one option from many.

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By default, checkboxes and radios can be improved with the help of .form-check, a single class that enhances their layout and behavior.

Disabled checkboxes and radios are supported, and the disabled attribute applies a lighter color to indicate their state.

Checkboxes and radio buttons support HTML-based form validation and provide concise, accessible labels, making them a great choice for forms.

To place these custom checkboxes and radio buttons inline, simply add the class .form-check-inline to the .form-check element, and you can create a horizontal layout.

Radio buttons can also be placed inline, and it's a great way to save space in your forms without sacrificing usability.

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Switches are a great way to add a toggle option to your forms. They have the markup of a custom checkbox.

The .custom-switch class is used to render a toggle switch. This is what gives switches their distinctive on/off look.

Switches also support the disabled attribute. This means you can easily make a switch read-only or unavailable to users.

By using switches in your forms, you can provide users with a clear and intuitive way to toggle options on and off.

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Form states in Bootstrap are used to control the visibility and behavior of form elements. They allow you to toggle the visibility of form groups, labels, and help text based on user input.

The most common form state is the "success" state, which is used to indicate that an input field has been successfully validated. This is often used for password fields or other sensitive information.

To use the success state, you can add the class "has-success" to the form group. For example, in the "Basic example" form, the password field has the class "has-success" to indicate that it has been successfully validated.

The "error" state is also a common form state, which is used to indicate that an input field has failed validation. This is often used for fields that require specific formatting or input.

To use the error state, you can add the class "has-error" to the form group. For example, in the "Basic example" form, the email field has the class "has-error" to indicate that it has failed validation.

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Form states can also be used to control the behavior of form elements, such as making a field required or optional. This can be done by adding the class "has-feedback" to the form group.

The "has-feedback" class adds a small icon to the right of the input field, indicating whether the field is required or optional. For example, in the "Basic example" form, the name field has the class "has-feedback" to indicate that it is required.

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HTML5 form validation is available in all supported browsers, allowing you to provide valuable and actionable feedback to your users.

You can choose from browser default validation feedback or implement custom messages with built-in classes and starter JavaScript.

Native browser default validation messages are not consistently exposed to assistive technologies in all browsers, most notably Chrome on desktop and mobile, so it's recommended to use custom validation styles.

Custom validation styles can be implemented using Bootstrap, which provides an easy and quick way to validate web forms on the client-side.

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Bootstrap uses the browser's native form validation API to validate the form, and form validation styles are applied via CSS :invalid and :valid pseudo-classes.

This applies to input, select, and textarea elements, making it a versatile solution for form validation.

To use custom Bootstrap form validation messages, you'll need to disable the browser default feedback tooltips by adding the novalidate boolean attribute to the form element.

However, this still provides access to the form validation APIs in JavaScript, allowing you to create custom validation logic.

To display error messages and prevent form submission if there are invalid fields, you can use the following JavaScript code.

This code uses self-executing functions, which you can learn more about in the JavaScript closures chapter.

To reset the appearance of the form programmatically, remove the .was-validated class from the form element after submission.

This class is applied automatically by Bootstrap when you click the submit button, making it easy to reset the form.

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Custom forms can be replaced with completely custom form elements for more customization and cross-browser consistency. They're built on top of semantic and accessible markup, making them solid replacements for default form controls.

Each custom checkbox and radio input pairing is wrapped in a div to create the custom control. This is the same approach as the default .form-check.

We use the sibling selector (~) to style our custom form indicators, like the :checked state. This allows us to style the text for each item based on the input's state with the .custom-control-label class.

The default input is hidden with opacity, and a new custom form indicator is built in its place using ::before and ::after. Unfortunately, we can't build a custom one from just the input because CSS's content doesn't work on that element.

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Customization is key when it comes to making your forms stand out. Custom forms can be built using completely custom form elements that replace browser defaults, providing cross-browser consistency.

These custom form elements are built on top of semantic and accessible markup, making them solid replacements for default form controls. This approach ensures that your forms are both functional and user-friendly.

Each checkbox and radio input is wrapped in a div to create a custom control, structurally the same as the default .form-check. This wrapping allows for more flexibility in styling and customization.

To style the custom form indicators, the sibling selector (~) is used to target the input states, such as :checked. This allows for proper styling of the custom form indicators.

The default input is hidden with opacity, and a new custom form indicator is built in its place using ::before and ::after. Unfortunately, a custom form indicator cannot be built directly from the input due to CSS limitations.

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Translating and Customizing Strings is a crucial aspect of form customization. You can translate or customize strings with HTML, which is a powerful feature.

Bootstrap provides a way to translate the “Browse” text in HTML with the data-browse attribute. This can be added to the custom input label, as seen in the example in Dutch.

Customizing strings with HTML allows for more flexibility and control over the form's appearance. By using the data-browse attribute, you can easily translate the text to any language you need.

Bootstrap offers various form layout options to suit different design needs. Forms will by default stack vertically due to Bootstrap's display and width properties.

To create vertical form layouts, use predefined margin utility classes to group labels, form controls, and other elements. This will help you achieve a clean and organized design.

You can also create horizontal form layouts by using Bootstrap's grid classes. Add the .row class to form groups and use .col-*-* grid classes to specify the width of your labels and controls.

In cases where you want to display form controls and buttons in a single horizontal row, use Bootstrap's grid classes to create an inline form layout. This can help compact the layout and improve user experience.

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To make your forms responsive, use grid classes with specific breakpoints. This will ensure that your forms adapt to different screen sizes and devices.

More complex forms can be built using Bootstrap's grid classes, which offer additional alignment options and column layouts. This is particularly useful for forms that require multiple columns or varied widths.

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Form Supported Elements are quite versatile in Bootstrap. You can use them with a variety of form controls and components.

Bootstrap supports validation styles for input elements, including those with a class of .form-control. This class can be used with input groups, which can contain up to one .form-control element.

For select elements, you have a choice between using the .form-control class or the .custom-select class. Both are supported.

.form-checks are also supported, making it easy to create form checks with Bootstrap.

Custom checkbox and radio elements, denoted by the classes .custom-checkbox and .custom-radio, are also supported.

Lastly, custom file elements, denoted by the class .custom-file, are also supported.

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